Selected World War II Images from the Garfield Crawford Harris Collection

The Garfield Crawford Harris Collection contains a limited number of photographs, only 28 total. Many of these were poorly stored and are water damaged.  Garfield annotated several and his captions are added below the images.

Air raid on the way to Pale Mountains (Dolomites - Northern Italy). BL Shirley n the foreground, taken by MM Fowler. 

Camp San Luis Obispo, CA.

Fort Lewis, WA?

March 14, 1941. Garfield Harris on left.

Fog on Cabbage Hill above Pendleton, Oregon

Peter Keller, January 30, 1941

Edward E Haley 1942 

Peter Keller 

March 15, 1941 

Paulee and girlfriend 

Wesley Sprague

 

The Native American Studies Archive announces the acquisition of the Garfield Crawford Harris Papers 

"I enjoyed my life and was as happy as anybody. We lived through it all, and I am still going on.”
- Garfield Harris 

WW II photograph. L to R: Garfield Harris and his brother Wilford

Garfield Crawford Harris Collection

(1914-1994)

(Updated 4/13/2016)

Biographical Note:

The following was written by Dr. Thomas Blumer after the death of Garfield Harris.

“Catawba Indian Autobiographer Passes”

“I was born March 14, 1914, between midnight and day.” Thus begins the direct opening statement of Garfield Harris, who for many years had planned to write “his story.” Actually begun in September 1993, his autobiography preserves bits and pieces of Catawba history in a way uniquely his own.

He was the son of Theodore and Artemis Harris, both Catawba Indians. His father was a sharecropper and his mother, a graduate of Carlisle Indian Industrial, kept the home and made Catawba pottery. The family totaled 11 children in all.

School began for Garfield at age seven in 1921. He was always studious and liked the learning process, but school was difficult for him, for early in life he faced adult chores around the house and in the cotton fields. He received his schooling at the Catawba Indian School, founded in 1896 and closed in 1966. While hundreds of Indian children there learned to read, write and calculate, only Garfield Harris aspired to write his autobiography.  His spotty attendance record however, surely impressed his teachers negatively. Chores came first:

“I only have seven grades in school. My dad was a farmer, and he didn’t believe in kids   going to school. When farming time came, it was in March. If I was in school, I had to stay out to clear up the field and to plant, cut sprouts and briars, corn stalks and cotton stalks to start plowing. Next, cotton had to be hoed. When we finished, I was able to go back to school for two weeks. We took our exams in May.”

When Garfield had time left for study, it was often late at night. And the family often didn’t have money for kerosene to fuel the lamps. His solution was found in pine knots. He gathered them for their steady, bright light. Then after dinner, he would light one and study by it “until one or two in the night.”

His formal schooling ended in 1929 at the age of 15. He went to work on the nearby Sullivan farm for 50 cents a day in summer and 40 cents a day in winter, working from “Sunday to Sunday.” He knew he was fortunate to have even this meager income because the family could do much with so little. His earnings made his 1933 marriage to Ruthie Harris possible. After two years, they separated.

In 1936 he joined the Civilian Conservation Corps and left the Catawba nation for the first time.

“I remember the day we left. We met a bus in front of People’s Bank in Rock Hill and left early in the morning for Columbia…I kind of got homesick but stayed.”

From Columbia, the group was sent to Pennsylvania where Garfield was impressed by the “hard winter.” In the spring he was transferred to Salina, California. His last written statement concerns the joy of seeing the country:

“I learned a lot about traveling and it was a wonderful experience which came in handy in later years.”

While Garfield’s personal account ends with this brief comment, the historical documentation picks up at this point. When WWII broke out, Garfield joined the US Army and served in North Africa. Upon returning home, he went to work for the Rock Hill Printing and Finishing Company (the Bleachery). In 1950 he was elected to the Catawba Indian Nation Tribal Council and served several terms under Chiefs Nelson Blue and Ephraim George. In 1958 he was again elected to the Council under Chief Nelson Blue whose task it was to guide the Catawba Nation through the termination of Federal status. Chief Blue resigned, and Garfield continued to serve under Chief Albert Sanders. Frustrated by the way Catawba assets were being terminated, he resigned in June 1959. Some months later, he married Olga Fowler.

The last years of Garfield’s life were spent nursing his wife and preparing his autobiography. While he did not live to complete the story, his brief contribution to Catawba written history is important for its deep sincerity. Perhaps this is most evident in his description of a house his parents rented from fellow tribal member Davis Ayers:

“The floor was fit together with rough timber, and you had cracks in the floor. You could feed chickens through the cracks. You got plenty of wind from them. We had to put sacks on the floor to keep the wind out…The shingles were made out of oak. When it rained, you had to set pots around to keep your bed from getting wet. As soon as the shingles got wet and swelled, the leaking stopped...I enjoyed my life and was as happy as anybody. We lived through it all, and I am still going on.”

Scope and Content Notes

The collection consists of 3.75 linear feet of material.  The journals begin in 1950 and span 45 years. They are a chronicle of daily life on the Catawba Indian Nation and are filled with accounts of the weather and events that Garfield found interesting. Many journals resemble scrapbooks, containing clippings, obituaries, and other ephemeral items.   

The 1983 journal contains Garfield’s “Remembrances”, autobiographical accounts of reservation life between the World Wars and Garfield’s military experiences. Of special note are his California experiences. Garfield, a Native American is a guard at a Japanese American internment camp.  He also talks about seeing the Navajo (the Navajo wind talkers) practice their signals across the valley.

Garfield was a devoted husband, and Olga the great love of his life. The two fell in love but separated due to the South Carolina ban on interracial marriage. They married in 1959, when the law was abolished. A long and happy marriage ensued with Olga predeceasing Garfield. From this point, almost all journal entries are addressed to his “dearest, darling.”

Many journals contain handwritten indexes created by Dr. Blumer.

The collection also contains some of Garfield’s personal effects such as marriage certificates, an honorable discharge from the Civilian Conservation Corps and various clippings. Of special interest is the unique family blood type shared by his family. The Harris variant was so rare the American Red Cross created a special category for it, and researchers around the world requested samples for study.  Further folders include a small correspondence file, and Mormon Church materials.

Folder List of Contents of the Garfield Crawford Harris Papers

1936-1995

34 Folders:

Journals (30 folders)

1950-1953, 1956-1961, 1963-1965, 1972-1973, 1976-1989, 1992-1994

Correspondence, 1938-1995, n.d.

Personal Effects, 1932-1947, n.d.

Mormon Church Materials

22 Photographs, 6 negatives (US Army, circa 1941)

Mostly taken by Garfield in the west, of fellow soldiers. Captioned names are Wesley Sprague, Peter Keller, Edelman, Pavelee, Edward E Haley, B L Shirley, MM Fowler and Clara Clummer. 

2 bound volumes:

Official Annual 1936, Civilian Conversation Corps, District #2, Third Corps Area

(water damaged). Final pages contain signatures of other CCC members, including some Catawba Indian signatures

Historical and Pictorial Review: 183^rd Field Artillery and Anti-Tank Battalion 76^th Field Artillery Brigade, Ft. Francis E Warren (water damaged), final pages contain signatures and some addresses

Native American Entities Reference Files

The Native American Studies Archive actively seeks to continually add new material. Contemporary scholarship alongside new finds in recently digitized materials continue to increase our growing knowledge and understanding of Native American History in South Carolina and the Southeastern United States. Journal articles, clippings, photographs, and tribal correspondence and newsletters comprise this collection.

These files are very much a work in progress.  It is hoped that South Carolina tribal members and leaders will send us copies of tribal newsletters and other archival materials for inclusion in these materials. 

For any questions or possible corrections, please email the archivist:  wbburgin@sc.edu

American Indian Chamber of Commerce (AICCSC) (Berkeley County)

Beaver Creek Indians (Orangeburg County)

Additional materials located in Alice B Kasakoff Collection including tribal history by Melinda Hewitt. These materials apply to several Pee Dee groups.

        Publications - Newsletter Beaver Creek Indians of Orangeburg County South Carolina, 2007-

Chaloklowa Chickasaw Indians (Williamsburg County)

Catawba Indian Nation (York County)

Additional materials located in the Thomas J Blumer, Early Fred Sanders, Steven Guy Baker, Monty Hawk Branham Collections

Writings:

Adams, Mikaëla M (2012) – “Residency and Enrollment: Diaspora and the Catawba

          Indian Nation”

Auguste, Nicol (2009) – “By Her Hands: Catawba Women and Tribal Survival, Civil War

         Through Reconstruction”

Crow, Rosanna (2011) – “Geochemical Analysis of Catawba Ceramics” (Honors Thesis, UNC)

EchoHawk, Dana Rae (2012) – “Struggling to Find Zion: Mormons in Colorado’s San

          Luis Valley” (Master’s Thesis, U of Colorado)

Federal Writers Project Papers (1936) – “Pockets in America: Catawba Indians”

Fitts, Mary Elizabeth (2015) – “Defending and Provisioning the Catawba Nation: An

        Archaeology of the Mid-Eighteenth-Century Communities at Nation Ford”

        (PhD Dissertation, UNC)

Fortner, Jefferson Locke (2012) – “Cultural Hegemony, Identity, and the Story of the

         Catawba nation” (Master’s Thesis, Eastern Carolina University) (contains interview with

         Catawba Indian Beckee Garris)

 Loftis, Lynn (1994) – “Comment: The Catawbas’ Final Battle: A Bittersweet Victory”

 Miley & Associates, Inc.  (2012) – “The Economic Impact of the Catawba Gaming Facility”

Photographs:

1.  Catawba Indian School, Grade 3 & 4, Mrs. Robinson’s class (ca. 1964)

     Front Row L to R: Vanessa Brown, Fionnie George, Larry Brown, Jimmy Howard

     Second Row L to R: Matthew Thatcher, Calvin Potts, Edwin Campbell, Lily Howard

     Third Row L to R: Nathan Blue, Midge Simmers, Cora Harris, John Hugh Potts

     Fourth Row (Rear) L to R: Lester Harris, Tommy George, Lucille Potts, Pam Thatcher

2.  Catawba Indian school children inside the school. Photograph by Viola Floyd, Apr. 3,

     1956.  Identified students are: Pete Blue, Jackie Canty, Beckee Garris, Walter Harris,

     Randall Sanders, Norma Jean Sanders Usher, Mike Wade. 4 unidentified.

3.  Catawba Indian school children outside the school. Photograph by Viola Floyd, Apr. 3,

     1956. Identified students are: Pete Blue? Herman Brown, Lynn Cantey? Beckee Garris,

     Debra Harris, Dessa Harris, Kaye Harris, Anne Sanders Morris, Lucille Potts, Randall

     Sanders, Gerold Simmers, Jean Sanders Usher. 15 unidentified.

Publications:

Catawba Nation News, 2^nd  Quarter 2012

Cherokee Bear Clan of SC (Oconee County)

Circle of Native Americans (Lexington County)

Chicora Indian Tribe of SC (Horry County)

Additional Materials located in the Alice B Kasakoff Collection

Correspondence, 1993-1994, also includes a few clippings and research notes

Taukchiray, Wesley (1991) – “Report on a Visit with the Indians in Horry County, South

       Carolina, October 8-10, 1991

Croatan Indian Tribe of SC (Orangeburg County)

Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois and United Tribes of SC

Edisto Natchez-Kusso Indians (Colleton, Dorchester Counties)

Additional materials located in Alice B Kasakoff Collection including a brief tribal

history by Herb McAmis

Clippings, 1975-1983       

 Monographs:

 Reynolds, John (2012) – “The Fight for Freedom” (documents the Freedom School)

 Taukchiray, Wes (1980) – “Some of the Written Memory of the Natchez-Kusso Indians of

           Edisto River, 1980 

Fields Indian Family – Pine Hill Indian Community (Richland County)

Legal – SC Court of Common Pleas, Jane Huggins vs. WD Turner, et al. (1914)

WPA Survey of Colonels Creek Missionary Baptist Church     

Keepers of the Word (Dorchester County)

Little Horse Creek American Indian Cultural Center (Aiken County)

Marlboro, Chesterfield, Darlington County Pee Dee Indian Tribe

Midlands Intertribal Empowerment Group (MIEG) (Richland County)

Pee Dee Indian Tribe of Beaver Creek (Orangeburg County)

Pee Dee Indian Tribe of SC (Marlboro, Dillon, Marion Counties)

Pee Dee Nation of Upper SC (Dillon County)

Piedmont American Indian Association (PAIA) – Lower Eastern Cherokee Nation of SC

Newsletter, Crosswinds Fall 2009-

Santee Indian Organization (Orangeburg County)

Wes Taukchiray collection on the Santee Indians

Correspondence, 2005– From Chris Judge to Teresa Gore, historical Santee information

South Carolina Indian Affairs Commission (SCIAC) (Richland County)

The Sumter Tribe of Cheraw Indians (Sumter County)

Additional materials located in the Thomas J Blumer collection and NAS monograph collection

Clippings, 2013

Benenhaley, Dr. Eleazer (200?) – “An Analysis of Neophytes and Would Be Historians”

Federal Writers Project Papers (1936-1940) – “Pockets in America: The Turks in Sumter

        County, South Carolina” (attributed to Lucy G Platt)

Taukchiray, Wesley (1975) – “A History of the Turks Who Live in Sumter County, South

         Carolina, from 1805 to 1972” (includes some draft material and a photograph of

          the tombstone of Mary Ann Oxendine, 1842-1935)

The Waccamaw Indian People (Horry County) Additional materials located in Alice B Kasakoff Collection, includes article on the Dimery settlement by Forest Hazel

Graham, Tracey – “Rethinking the Notion of  Waccamaw Indians (Student essays from

        Horry-Georgetown Technical College)

Legal – SC Court of Common Pleas, Order upon Binding Administration, 11 Apr. 2014 Publications:

        Email South Carolina Indian Voice, 2008-2011

        Newsletter The  Waccamaw Village News, 2006-     

      

Wassamasaw Tribe of Varnertown Indians (Berkeley County)

Wes Taukchiray Collection on the Varnertown Tribe of the Wassamassaw

 Marshall, Martha B. (1900) – “Stories from the Mission Field: In the Pinelands of

         South Carolina” (Indian children at the St. Barnabas Mission School)

South Carolina Native Americans – General (materials may cover more than one group)

Depratter, Chester B (1993) – “Yamasee Indian Towns in the South Carolina Lowcountry,

      1684-1715”

Howard, James H (1960) – “The Yamasee: A Supposedly Extinct Southeastern Tribe

      Rediscovered”

Rainsford, Bettis C. (2004) – “The Chickasaw Indians of South Carolina”

Schohn, J. Michelle (n.d.) – “History of the Pee Dee Indian People of South Carolina”

Schohn, J. Michelle and Melinda E Hewlett (1996) – “History of the Pee Dee Indian People of

       South Carolina (Chronology)

Smith, Elizabeth (1925) – “An Analysis of a “Croatan” Community (Marlboro County)

Spivey, Michael (2000) – Native Americans in the Carolina Borderlands: A Critical

      Ethnography, 2000 (book) (Pee Dee Indians)

Steen, Carl (2012) – “An Archaeology of the Settlement Indians of the South Carolina

       Lowcountry

Steen, Carl (2005) – “Does the 1737 Coachman Plat Depict Land at Four Holes, SC?”     

Southeastern Native Americans

Blanton, Dennis Bruce (2012) – “The Inalienable Rite: Smoking Ritual During the Mississippian

       Stage in the South Appalachian Mississippian Region”

Goddard, Yves (2004) – “Endangered Knowledge: What We Can Learn From Native American

         Languages 

Updated February 16, 2016 by Archivist Brent Burgin 

The Catawba Indian Agent (1840-1943) 

In 1763 the Catawbas signed the treaty of Augusta. Their numbers reduced greatly by disease and warfare, they ceded most of their lands and moved to a 15 square mile reservation. This reservation was on both sides of the Catawba river and encompassed territory in Lancaster and York Counties. Modern day Rock Hill, Fort Mill, Tega Cay and Indian Land were all part of the Catawba Indian Nation. 

J Drayton Map, thought to be from the 1820s. 

As time progressed the Catawbas leased much of their tribal lands to white settlers. Their numbers continued to decline and eventually the settlers coerced them into ceding the reservation. In 1840, after 77 years the Catawba reservation was dissolved. 

The Catawbas had been promised a home in North Carolina but North Carolina refused them. They wandered homeless until South Carolina purchased a one square mile reservation for them. This "old reservation" is still part of today's lands. 

In 1840, the state began appointing an Indian agent to oversee and provide support for the tribe. The legislature provided a yearly amount which the agent distributed to tribal members.The agent also handled burials and medical expenses and submitted a yearly report to the comptroller general. A sample report below from Captain A. E. Smith, an early mayor of Rock Hill and the longest serving agent. 

Report of the Comptroller General of the State of South Carolina to the General Assembly for the Fiscal year Ending October 31, 1887: 

Agent reports and correspondence provide important information in a time of scarce historical documentation. When the Catawbas were federally recognized in 1943, the office of Catawba Indian Agent was no longer necessary after 103 years. 

Below is a listing of all known Catawba Indian agents. Some were strong advocates such as T.O. Flowers who testified for the Catawbas in the US Congress and tried to get Reservation children enrolled at Rock Hill High School. We know relatively little about some agents and may have their terms in office wrong. The older records are often sketchy or missing. 

The following chart was created by the archivist using research notes compiled by Dr. Thomas J Blumer many years ago. We are grateful for his research. 

SC Catawba Indian Agents, 1840-1943

SC Catawba Indian Agents, 1840-1943	Term:
Joseph White	1840-1848
Massey, Benjamin Sykes	1850-1854
Ivey, Rev. Adam (1798-1888)	1855-1860
Patton, John R	1861-1866
Whitesides, Thomas	Dec. 1866-1868
Morrow?
Pride, CJ	1871?
O’Connell, PJ (?-1875)	1869-1872
Owens, ML	Dec. 1873-Dec. 1874
Crook, RL	1875-1877
Whyte, William	1877-1882
Smith, AE (1844-1917)	1883-1897
Hayes, JH	1898
Boyd, Tom W	1899-1902
Simpson, JM	1903-1905
Lesslie, J Dixon	1906-1911
White, SH	1912-1915
Williams, OK	1915-1923
Spratt, JE	1924
Flowers, TO (?-10/21/1939)	1925-1936
Wingate, RE	1937-1938
Britt, Quince Edward	Jan. 1939-Jun. 1939
Leslie, D. Grier	Jun. 1939-1941
Neely, Roy	1942-1943
Other Agents:
Rice, David J – Catawba relocation to Choctaw lands	1859-1860

The Native American Studies Archive seeks to know more about these individuals, their lives and their work with the Catawba Nation. Please contact us with any additional information.   

                                Archaeology Society of South Carolina Records 

 The following two paragraphs are shamelessly copied from the ASSC web page:                

                                                Mission Statement 

The Archaeological Society of South Carolina is an association of professional and avocational archaeologists and concerned citizens uniting together in a cooperative effort to understand the prehistory and history of South Carolina. It is a Society of dedicated members exerting their combined efforts toward the interpretation and preservation of South Carolina's rich cultural heritage.

The Archaeological Society of South Carolina has been in operation since 1968. Our goal is to share information about South Carolina's archaeological heritage. We do this through our annual conference, which is held in the Spring, a Fall Field Day event, a quarterly newsletter, and via the internet with this web site, a blog, and a Facebook page.
                              
                                                                         Creating a Finding Aid:

The Archaeology Society of South Carolina (ASSC)  is now in it's 47th year. For many years society records were kept at the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology (SCIAA) but not catalogued. Anthropologist and society archivist, Meg Gaillard began the process of  organizing the society's records in 2008. In the Archivist Report to the ASSC board, she reported on the "Current state of ASSC Archives, What Needs to be done, and What Should be Archived in the Future." Meg's recommendations and work, served as a template for current society archivist Brent Burgin to complete the processing of ASSC records.

The early years of the society are documented very well in these holdings. There are holes in the records however, especially in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Hopefully our membership may be able to assist in this area. 

ASSC Finding Aid as of 7/31/2015: 

Please note that this is not yet a finished document. I'm still hoping to find additional materials before we add box and folder numbers. Our missing copies of Features and Profiles are also highlighted. 

ASSC FINDING AID                7/31/2015

I.  CONSTITUTION/CHARTERS (includes drafts and revisions)

II. MEETING MINUTES

Dec 1969-1991, 1994-2005, 2007-2009, 2012

III. CORRESPONDENCE

       1968-2008   

IV.  FINANCIAL

Grant-In-Aid Fund, 1993-2008, includes correspondence and statements

Life time members saving account, 1971-1982, includes passbook and statements

Treasurer’s Reports, 1971-1994, 1997-2000, 2005-2009       

Trust Fund Statements, 1988-1991, 1993-1997  

V.   MEMBERSHIP

Ephemera, applications and decals

Roster, 1971-1990, 1993, 2000, 2003-2007

VI. PROGRAMMING/EVENTS

ASSC Annual Conference, 1975-

        Flyers and Ephemera, 1975-1998, 2008-2009, 2011, 2013

ASSC Fall Field Day, 1988-

        Flyers and Ephemera, 1988-2001, 2003-2006, 2010, 2012

VII. CHAPTERS

Abbeville Chapter, Correspondence, 1994

Aiken Chapter, Correspondence, 1993

Allendale Chapter, Correspondence, 1987-1991

Anderson Chapter, Correspondence,1985-1992

Beaufort Chapter, Correspondence, 1994, 1997

Charleston Chapter, Correspondence, 1981-1982, 1987, 1990-1991, 2000, n.d.

Foothills Chapter

      Correspondence, 1998-2004, ps.

      Newsletters, 1998-2002, 2004-2014

Hilton Head

      Correspondence, 1993-1994, 2002-2013

      Newsletters, 2004-2005, 2010-

Lowcountry

      Correspondence, 1979-1987, 1994

      Financial, 1980-1996

Lower Pee Dee Chapter, Correspondence, 1990

Midlands Chapter

     Correspondence, 1995-2001

     Newsletters, 1995-2004, 2006 

York Chapter

     Correspondence and Miscellaneous, 1990-1992

     Newsletter, 1991-1998

VIII. PUBLICATIONS

1. SC Antiquities

    Vol. 01-45, 1969-2014  

    Occasional Papers, 1 (1981), 2 (1990), 3 (1995)  

    Working Files – contain drafts, edits, photographs some unpublished and correspondence

    1978-1980, 1982-1984, 1986-1996,      

2.  Features and Profiles

     1972, 1974-1997, 1999-2001, 2003-2006, 2009-2015

     Missing –    

     1973, 1974 Feb, Oct, Nov, 1975 Jan, 1982 Jan, Apr, 1984 Jan, Feb, Nov, Dec     

     1986 Mar, Apr, Jun, 1991 March/Apr issue, 1993 Nov/Dec issue, 1995 Jan/Feb, Jul/Aug,

      Nov/Dec , 1996 Jan/Feb, Mar/Apr, May/Jun, 1997  Nov/Dec, 1998, 1999,

      Sep/Oct, 2000 Jul/Sep, Oct/Nov, 2001 Apr/Jun, Oct/Dec, 2005 Jan/Mar, Apr/Jun,

      Jul/Sep, 2006, Sep/Dec?, 2007 Missing, 2008 Missing, 2009 Jan/Mar?, 2010-2,3,4, 2011-1

   

IX. PHOTOGRAPHS and SLIDES

1. Annual ASSC Conference, 1978, 1988-1998, 2001-2003, 2005-2006

    1978, Apr. 15 (45 contact print sheet)

    1988, Mar. 26 (31 slides)

    1989, Apr. 22 (19)

    1990, Apr. (63 photos, 11 slides of Doug Scott Visit

    1991, Apr. 13 (6 photos,10 slides)

    1992, Mar. 28, (7 photos, 36 contact sheet)

    1993, Apr.   3, (32)

    1994 (6)

    1995, Apr. 1 (5 photos, 29 contact sheet)

    1996, Apr. 20, (49)

    1997 (33)

    1998, Feb. 21, (35)

    2001, Apr. 17, (25)

    2002, Feb. 23, (26)

    2003, Feb. 22, (37)

    2005, Feb. 19, (21)

    2006, Feb. 18, (11)

    Unidentified, 3 different conferences, (28)

2. Annual ASSC Fall Field Day, 1988-1995, 1997, 2001, 2004-2005

    1988, (1 photo, 71 slides)

    1989, Oct. 2 (65 photos, 51 slides)

    1990, Sep. 29 (18 photos, 94 slides)

    1991, Sep. 28 (18 photos, 41 slides)

    1992, (19)

    1993, (78 photos, 160 slides)

    1994, Oct. 1, (32 photos, 104 slides)

    1995, Oct. 7, (24 photos, 195 slides)

    1996, (291 slides)

    1997, Oct. 3-4, (72) Sadlers Creek State Park, (Anderson County)

    2001, Oct. 5-6, (68) Charlestown Landing State Park (Charleston County)

    2004, (22)

    2005, (33) Historic Camden Revolutionary War Site (Kershaw County)

    Unidentified, (26)  Catawba Indian Nation Drum and Dance Team, 1998, 1999, or 2000

    Unidentified, (64), 2003 or 2006

    Unidentified, (22)

3. Archaeology Week Kick Off, 1993, 1995

     1993, (72) Statehouse Grounds, Columbia, SC (Richland County)

     1995, Oct. 2, (35)

4. ASSC Anderson Chapter, 1991, (9)

5. Congaree Creek Canoe Trip, 1999, Sep. 26, (7)  

6. ASSC/NCAS Joint Meeting, Town Creek Mound, NC, 1995 Apr. 29 (12, 36 contact sheet)

7. Annual Picnic

    1980, Oct. 19 Ft. Watson (38 contact print sheet)

9. Photos for Fall Field Day Brochure (5 photos, 5 slides)

10. Unidentified (20)

X. South Carolina Archaeology Society (SCAS) Precursor to ASSC, 1958 -?

1. Clippings and Miscellaneous

2. Constitution and Certificate of Incorporation

3. Correspondence, 1957-1959, 1961-1964

4. Financial, 1959-1964

5. Meeting Minutes, 1958-1959, 1961-1964

6. Membership, 1959-1962

7. Newsletter, 1962

8. Clippings – includes 10 photographs from a Jan 1961 dig in Lexington County

XI. MISCELLANEOUS

Extra Ephemera, Newsletters (from other archaeological organizations), clippings

The Native American Studies Archive

Genealogical Materials

The following published works and archival material folders represent various genealogical resources available at the Native American Studies Archive. It should also be noted the archive contains several other texts devoted solely to identifying and researching one’s Native American ancestry.

Catawba Indians:  

I. Print Resources

Blumer, Thomas John. Bibliography of the Catawba. Meutchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1987.

Head/Bentley Family: two cultures joined together to form one great family. [1995].

Martin, Judy Canty. Genealogy of the Western Catawba: Genealogy of the 5 Families and those who joined them in the west. Cortez, CO.  J Martin, [2002?].

Martin, Judy Canty. It's about time : the complete genealogy of the Catawba Indians early, 1700-1961 : (including both western and eastern families. Cortez, CO. J. Martin, [2000?].

Martin, Judy Canty. My Father’s People: A Complete Genealogy of the Catawba Nation.

        Cortez, CO.  J Martin, 2002.

Watson, Ian. Catawba Indian Genealogy. Geneseo Foundation: Dept of Anthropology, SUNY at Geneseo, 1995. Print.  This excellent resource is also available online at:

http://www.ianwatson.org/genealogy_downloads.html

II. Archival Resources

The following resources are all located in the TJ Blumer Collection on the Catawba Nation.

http://usclancaster.sc.edu/NASarchive/blumer/index.html

Census Information:

Analyses and Commentary

1820 (Hugh White Accounts)

1840s (Hutchinson Papers)

1849

1862 (J. R. Patton, Catawba Indian Agent)

1872 (Fairmount, Ga. – Oklahoma Removal)

1880 (United States Census)

1900 (United States Census)

1900 (Sanford, Co.)

1908 (Eastern Band Cherokee Indians of N.C.)

1910 (United States Census)

1930 (United States Census)

Genealogy Information:

Ballard/Harris Families (Western Catawba)

Beck Family

Blue Family – from Florence I. Speck trip of 22 Jan. 1942                  

Blue/Sanders Family – Records kept by Mohave Sanders Bryson and Arzada Sanders

Catawba Funeral Records kept by Garfield Harris (1950-1989) 

Cherokee Intermarriage          

Harris Family (1843-1979) Record kept by Bertha Mae George Harris

Harris Family (1872-1951) Record kept by Fannie Canty George

Harris Family (1756-1966) Georgia Harris family chronology

Harris Family Records compiled by Garfield Harris

Head Family Records kept by Harry and Beverly Head

Information from the Catawba Indian Plat and Account Book (c. 1805-1844)

Marsh/Mush Family (Pamunkey/Catawba)

Marsh/Mush Family includes Garcia, Patterson and White (Western Catawba)

Miscellaneous

Mormon Records

Olin Plyler Family Records (1867-1965)

Price Family                   

Scots-Irish Intermarriages – Smith, Pat and Dwight A. Radford (1999) – “The Scots-Irish

        as Catawba”

Walsh Family Records kept by Cynthia Walsh (primarily Western Catawba)

Biographical Files:

The TJ Blumer Collection on the Catawba Indian contains over 200 individual biographical files. These folders contain clippings, death certificates, and various ephemera.

Clippings Files:

Catawba Indian newspaper Clippings begins in 1875 and continue to present day.  

Cherokee Indians:

Print Resources:

Blankenship, Bob. Cherokee Roots. B Blankenship, 1978.

Jerry Wright Jordan Comp. Cherokee by blood : records of Eastern Cherokee ancestry in the US Court of Claims, 1906-1910. 3 vols. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 1987-1988. Print.

Starr, Emmett. History of the Cherokee Indians and their legends and folklore. 1921. Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint Co., 1977.

Starr, Emmett. Old Cherokee Families: Notes of Dr. Emmett Starr. 2 vols. Oklahoma City: Baker Publishing Co., 1988. 

South Carolina Indians: 

I. Print Resources

Haithcock, Richard L and Vicki L Haithcock. Occaneechie Saponi and Tutelo of the Saponi nation, aka Piedmont Catawba : southeastern Indian refugees from Virginia, the Carolinas and Tennessee in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. Haithcock, 1995.  

South Carolina Indians, Indian traders, and other ethnic connection: beginning in 1670.

Theresa M. Hicks ed. Spartanburg, SC: The Reprint Co., 1998. 

II. Archival Resources:

The Wesley Taukchiray Collection contains genealogical information on several different South Carolina Tribes. Many of these folders contain extensive family documentation along with family trees created by Mr. Taukchiray.

Edisto Natchez Kusso Tribe of South Carolina  

http://usclancaster.sc.edu/nasarchive/taukchiray/Edisto-Natchez-Kusso.pdf

Taukchiray, Wes. Some of the Written Memory of the Natchez-Kusso Indians of Edisto River.

Ridgeville, SC: Natchez-Kusso Indian Tribe and Nation, 1980.

Santee Indian Organization

http://usclancaster.sc.edu/nasarchive/taukchiray/Santee.pdf

Sumter Tribe of Cheraw Indians

Benenhaley, Dr. Eleazer. An Analysis of Neophytes and Would Be Historians

Taukchiray, Wes. A History of the Turks who Live in Sumter, South Carolina from 1810 to 1972.

Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Man, Smithsonian Institution, 1975.

Wassamassaw Tribe of Varnertown Indians

http://usclancaster.sc.edu/nasarchive/taukchiray/Varnertown.pdf

Virginia:

I. Print Resources:

Monocan Indian Nation:

I. Print Resource:

Whitlock, Rosemary. The Monocan Indian Nation of Virginia. Tuscaloosa, U of Al Press: 2008. 

II Archival Resource:

The Rosemary Clark Whitlock Collection at USC Lancaster contains additional information.  

Pamunkey Indian Nation: 

From the TJB Collection on the Catawba Nation:

Censuses

1820 (United States Census)

1830 (United States Census)

1840 (United States Census)

1850 (United States Census)

1860 (United States Census)

1880 (United States Census, incomplete)

1900 (United States Census, includes some Mattaponi)

1910 (United States Census, includes some Mattaponi)  

Clippings (1884-2001) See also Virginia clippings file